A formal design needs a strong framework, with horizontal lines that meet at right angles & reflect an underlying symmetry. Such a garden can appear simple and the strength of the formal garden is the underlying simple framework.
The planting can de developed within the design, or the framework left to make a statement.
Straight paths are essential. The middle path should be flanked by neatly trimmed, matching plants, and preferably end in an object (sculpture/seat). Objects to 'close' a vista or walk are important as they provide a focus for the eye and give coherence to the scheme. Widening a path about such an object increases it's importance in the design. Classical ornaments recall the ancient world; modern sculptures and 'found objects' are just as appropriate in a more modern formal garden.
Paving can be chosen to reinforce the design. Large slabs of stone, or the more affordable reconstituted stone and gravel are in keeping. Avoid to busy or fussy a paving style as it will distract from the overall simplicity of the garden.
A wonderful formal device is the circular garden enclosing a pool of water; with little planting to distract the eye from the clean lines these are wonderful spaces. The circle is very restful, and the feeling of enclosure it invokes perhaps more intense. A favourite example is the water garden at Knightshayes (photo above) where the planting is restrained. The simplicity and formality of this enclosure contrasting with the informal with woodland nearby.
Planting continues the theme of balance, proportion and repetition. Rhythmic patterns in clipped box and hedges provide balance. Placing feature plants, pergolas or ornaments at key points reinforces the design's structure. There is a central theme that is used to tie in the border design and provide a sense of unity.
Planting can contrast with the formal outline, spilling over the edge of a path, with dramatic foliage shapes, such as cardoons, creating a visual stimulus. Planting can take on informal style within the formal grid. There are many gardens where this relaxed style of planting is found. In winter, without foliage, the outline of the design and texture of branches and stems is more prominent. Clipped yew hedges backing mixed or herbaceous borders provide a classic contrast in textures.
Even the smallest garden can accommodate a formal design. The outlines of the garden will provide interest in a very small garden where the long winter months can otherwise become a dreary vacuum.
A very small space can accommodate two squares of clipped box, one within another, filled with ground cover planting and with a strong vertical emphasis at the centre, either a clipped pyramid, an obelisk or an urn. The planting and the materials used can interpret this simple design as either a modern or a replica of a classical garden.
Formal gardens are not fossils Formal gardens are not fossils but can be reinterpreted in fresh ways, the formal aspects of design a suited to clean modern lines, where balance and proportion are all too evident. The key to formal garden style: strong structure and calming symmetry.
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More Garden Style and Design
Formal design needs a strong framework
The formal pool garden at Knightshayes simple and beautiful
Formal principles include views over the Italian countryside (Biboli, Florence)
Closing a vista in a smaller garden gives coherence to the design
A modern courtyard using formal principles
More traditional style of the White Garden, Sissinghurst Castle
